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A tough and handsome evergreen tree, Quercus ilex—commonly known as the Holm Oak or Holly Oak—is native to the Mediterranean and has been cultivated in Europe for centuries. Its leaves resemble those of holly, which is reflected in the name ‘holm’—an old English word for a holly bush. With its dense, dark green foliage and rugged, gnarled trunk, it makes an excellent evergreen feature tree or shelterbelt.
Long-lived, it forms a broad, domed canopy and tolerates dry, windy, and coastal conditions once established. Hardy and adaptable, it thrives in full sun and a range of soils.
- Flowers: Yellow-green inconspicuous, spring to early summer, followed by 2 cm long acorns
- Size: About 15–20 m tall × 12–15 m wide
- Uses: Windbreak, screening, shade tree, ornamental
- Features: Evergreen foliage, drought and coastal tolerant, hard and durable wood
- Also known as: Holm Oak, Holly Oak
References include:
Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN), Plants For A Future (PFAF), and Flora of Australia.
Phillips, R. (1978) Trees in Britain, Europe and North America. Macmillan Reference, London.
Edlin, H. L. (1985) Broadleaves (Forestry Commission Booklet no. 20). Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London.
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